Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Period Of 2018 - 2022

Abstract

Background: This research aims to identify differences in surgical treatments, including operation type, urgency, and hospital stay length based on cancer site, as well as variations in colorectal cancer incidence by age and gender.

Methods: The study included 585 male and female patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer at the Surgical Clinic of the University Hospital Mostar from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022. Patients were categorized by cancer location (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectosigmoid, rectum, and multiple sites) and also grouped into three: right-sided colon cancer, left-sided colon cancer, and rectal cancer.

Main findings: There were 558 patients who participated in the study and were admitted to the Surgical Clinic of the University Clinical Hospital Mostar, with a mean age of 68.6 years (SD = 11.272).  With regard to cancer location, tumors of the ascending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum were statistically more common than descending colon, rectosigmoid colon, transverse colon and tumours with two locations (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence of patients over the different periods (years), nor in the changes in the number of hospital admissions over the observed five-year period (χ² = 7.036, df = 4, p = 0.134).

Principal conclusions: Early detection and prevention are crucial for improving surgical management. Open surgery needs to be replaced by newer surgical techniques such as laparoscopic and robotic surgery.